What does temperature mean?
Kazuhiko MISAWA
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The definition and physical discription of temperature are explained in terms of energy and entropy. Temperature corresponds to the average energy shared equally among each degree of freedom in thermal equilibrium. As an example, the translational kinetic energy in ideal gases is calculated. An important viewpoint is that temperature does not mean the total energy, but the average energy of a system. In this article, temperature is originally defined as the coefficient of entropy change with respect to energy transfer between two systems. Another important viewpoint is that temperature is a crucial index for determining the thermal equilibrium condition based on the maximal entropy.
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